Promoting Wellness and Resilience Essay

This paper deals with promoting wellness and resilience for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). First, a model of wellness and resiliency is presented. Then, recommended intervention activities that promote resilience and wellness are discussed. Lastly, prevention and education activities are proposed. Wellness and Resiliency Model Studies on wellness and resilience models among individuals with IDD appear non-existent and very few have been written about counseling methodology. Most focus on a cognitive-behavioral approach to psychotherapy (CBT). Therefore, a paradigm must be created that combines CBT and an evidence-based model of wellness. Myers, Sweeney, and Witmer (2000) define wellness as â€Å"a way of life oriented toward optimal health and well-being, in which body, mind, and spirit are integrated by the individual to live life more fully within the human and natural community. Ideally, it is the optimum state of health and well-being that each individual is capable of achieving† (p. 252). â€Å"Resilience refers to positive adaptation, or the ability to maintain or regain mental health, despite experiencing adversity† (Herrman, Stewart, Diaz-Granados, Berger, Jackson, Yuan, 2011, p. 259). Myers and Sweeney (2005) created a model of wellness called The Indivisible Self which is based on A dlerian principles. This model delineates five areas of wellness: physical, essential, social, coping, and creative. Physical well-being is further divided into two areas: exercise and nutrition. Essential wellness is broken down into four components: spirituality, self-care, gender identity, and cultural identity. Social felicity is divided into two parts: friendship and love. Coping is divided into four aspects: realistic beliefs, stress management, self-worth, and leisure. Creative fitness is broken down into five elements: thinking, emotion, control, positive humor, and work (Myers and Sweeney, 2005). Recommended Intervention Activities That Promote Resilience and Wellness As  the IDD population tends to be of lower socioeconomic status (as adults), placed in residential facilities, and highly medicated, physical health is a vital component of overall wellness. Physical fitness can be maintained through exercise programs. A community-based program described by Lante, Walkley, Gamble, and Vassos (2011) provided health and psychosocial benefits to participants. In the area of essential wellness , spirituality plays an important part in the lives of most. IDD individuals should be allowed to attend worship services or participate in other activities cultivating the spiritual nature. Watts (2011) proposes utilization of Special Religious Education for People with a Developmental Disability (SPRED), defined as â€Å"†¦symbolic catechesis where formal instruction is supplemented or completely replaced by visual, aural, sensory, and physical stimuli (p. 237). In the area of self-care, individuals can be taught tasks to their fullest level of independence. Gender identity can be explored through modified sex-education curriculums exemplified by The Facts of Life†¦and More by Walker-Hirsch (lesliewalker-hirsch.com, 2014). Social well-being is a necessary component of wellness among those with IDD. Friendship and love are very possible and should be encouraged. Community groups, such as The Gathering Place and Pathfinders, provide a venue and activities for the population (welcometowesley.com, 2014; gracenc.org, 2014). Dating sites such as Special Bridge provide access for individuals with IDD a chance to meet and date others with IDD (specialbridge.com). CBT can be utilized to help disabled individuals in the area of coping. Irrational beliefs can be explored and replaced with more realistic views. Stress management techniques can be taught. Self-worth can be explored and improved (Lee, 2004). Leisure skills and interests can be explored and improved upon through systematic testing and development (Kreiner and Flexer, 2009). Creative fitness can be cultivated through activities that involve thinking, particularly critical thinking. Handling emotions and controlling behavior can be taught via dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) (Rizvi, Steffel, and Carson-Wong, 2013). Work needs can be met through sheltered, supported, and/or competitive employment. In North Carolina, the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation provides services and referrals to service providers (ncdhhs.gov/dvrs, 2014). Proposed Prevention and Education Activities Education and prevention can focus on training individuals, families, caretakers, and facility staff. If those who are in contact with the population everyday can be educated as much as possible, the level of wellness and resilience in persons with IDD should increase. IDD clients can learn about healthy eating and exercise through objective plans adjusted for functioning level. For instance, individuals with autism can read a social story (The Gray Center, 2014). Individuals, families and staff can be trained on proper nutrition by registered dietitians who can develop meal plans (American Dietetic Association, 2009). The importance of gender and sex education, spirituality, and cultural identity can be taught to those working with people with IDD. Gender and cultural identity and sex education can be taught to individuals with IDD through modified curriculums or incidental learning. Social skills, coping mechanisms, and creative pursuits can be taught to individuals. Families and facilities can learn what coping mechanisms are effective for clientele. Identified Strategies to Promote Community Resources Families in particular can be directed to community resources. Many resources exist for individuals with IDD. Brochures, information about service providers, and government resources can be given to families and higher-functioning individuals. Providing links to websites for organizations such as The Arc and managed care organizations such as Coastal Care can be a good starting place (thearc.org, 2014; coastalcarenc.org, 2014). References Beange, H., & Lennox, N. (1999). Health targets for people with an intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 24(4), 283. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library.capella.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com.library.capella.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=2731367&site=ehost-live&scope=site The gathering place. (2014). Retrieved May 18, 2014, Retrieved from http://welcometowesley.com/connect/special-needs/ The gray center: What are social stories. (2014). Retrieved May 18, 2014, Retrieved from

How does she achieve this? Essay

   It also shows us that Robert is a rather independent character considering he went, against his families wishes, to very remote part of the world. He is also, quite clearly indicated by his language, an educated man with ambitions beyond that of a normal being. Shelley also demonstrates Roberts’s ability to be an emotional person, ‘Hopes fluctuate and spirits are often depressed’, this shows his ambition is almost unreachable but he doesn’t want to give in. Walton’s emotions are highlighted to the reader in his opening letters and then remembered later when we hear Frankenstein’s story; they are both very similar. When we reach the 4th letter, the Gothic theme of the novel becomes ever more present. The reader gets the first sense of foreboding with the vivid description of the monster, and then the portrayal of the mysterious stranger in the distance. Walton, the Captain, is pleased to assist Victor, for he seems to be the answer to his prayers expressed in letter two, the quotes ‘I desire the company of a man who could sympathise with me’ and ‘I bitterly feel the want of a friend’ show us that he feels alone and miserable and that Victor provides a release from his loneliness. At last he has a kindred spirit. Of course, the reader is now intrigued by Victor’s story; there interest is then satisfied by this quote, â€Å"You may easily perceive, Captain Walton, that I have suffered great and unparalleled misfortunes. I had determined at one time that the memory of these evils should die with me, but you have won me to alter my determination. † Shelley is setting up a number of her themes in this clever introduction. One of which is Walton’s intense desire for discovery and the unknown, so far so that he would risk his life. His fateful meeting with Victor also provides us with a slight respite from the depressive language he is using to describe his journey, he found the companion he had longed for. Before the reader hears Victor’s story, many questions are raised, for example; what was he pursuing before they found him? And was it the mysterious, gigantic creature Walton and his crew say the day before? All will be revealed when Walton tells him off the figure they saw a few days ago, with those words ‘a new life animated his decaying frame’. A great effect used by Mary Shelley in this novel is the use of a Chinese box narrative, a kind of narration with two or more persons telling their own story. It starts of with Walter, an explorer, writing to his sister. His ship gets stuck and he goes outside only to find Victor Frankenstein. Victor is in a bad way, dying in fact, and so tells Walton his story. Halfway through Victor’s narrative, he creates the creature, which comes in, and tells his account. Then Victor comes back to conclude his tale, and the book finishes with Walton summing up, adding his own opinions, and writing to his sister again. This gives us different perspectives on each character and an idea of how each character feels about one other. Mary Shelley also uses pathetic fallacy in the novel to emphasise the gothic theme, the fact Walton journeys towards the desolate and barren North Pole which has connotations of being a harsh and unwelcoming place. This is typical of the Gothic theme as it exploits the stereotype of an undesirable and horrendous place to be. The fact she uses words such as ‘rawness’ and ‘vast’ tells us that the weather is almost uninhabitable. This makes the reader feel sympathy for the ship and its crew. In chapter 5, Shelley uses pathetic fallacy once again by beginning the chapter with ‘It was on a dreary night in November’. The chapter is actually a monologue describing how Victor (after months of labour), has finally completed his creation. But when the moment comes to give it life, its hideous appearance repulses him. His decision is to rush to the next room and try to sleep, but his mind was troubled. He throws himself onto to his bed in an attempt to forget about the monstrosity. But his mind is plagued by nightmares about Elizabeth and his mother’s corpse. When he awakes, he discovers the monster leaning over him with a friendly but terrifying smile and quickly bolts out of the house. He spends the night pacing in his courtyard and when next morning comes he goes walking in the town of Ingolstadt. As he walks by the town inn, Victor runs into his friend Henry Clerval, who has just arrived to begin studying at the university. Ecstatic to see Henry, a breath of fresh air and a reminder of his family after so many months of isolation and ill health, the ecstasy increased by the feeling of friendship after his recent experience of terror. Although the thought of crossing paths with monster terrifies Victor, he brings Clerval back to his apartment. Victor enters first and is relieved to find no sign of the monster. But, weakened by months of work and shock at the horrific being he has created, he immediately falls ill with a nervous fever that lasts several months. Henry nurses him back to health and, when Victor has recovered, gives him a letter from Elizabeth that had arrived during his illness. In chapter 5, Shelley’s description implicates that the monster is a child trapped inside an ‘adults’ body. Victor rejects the monster as an animal might reject one of its litter. Victor describes the monster as ‘a demonical corpse to which i had so miserably given life’. The fact Victor hates ‘the wretch’ he has created makes the reader feel sympathy for the monster as he hasn’t choosing this life and all he wants is to be loved. Shelley uses many language techniques to create tension in her novel. Chapter five is a great example again. Before Victors ‘creation’ comes to life, Shelley describes it as a ‘lifeless thing. ‘ This gives the impression that the when the monster is brought to life it will be treated as nothing more when it is born, just an experiment rather than a person. Shelley also writes a long and extremely detailed description of the monster in chapter five, ‘his yellow skin scarcely covered the work of muscles and arteries beneath; his hair was of lustrous black. and flowing; his teeth of pearly whiteness; but these luxuriance’s only formed a more horrid contrast with his watery eyes’ that seemed almost of the same colour as the dun white sockets in which they were set, his shrivelled complexion and his straight black lips. ‘ This description uses imagery to help create an image of monster inside the readers head which works to perfection as the reader is repulsed at the thought. In conclusion, many themes are often included in literature in order to provide more meaning and a better understanding for readers. But in Frankenstein Shelley conveys lots of different themes; some which are quite obvious and others that are more subtle. The novel also shows us how appearances are not always a clear representation of the person who’s underneath (the way the monster was judged solely by his looks). Also, the fact there are also many different narrative voices in the novel help the reader appeal to different characters, and also show how the character’s personalities evolve as the plot goes on. The fact the novel was written by a woman in a time when writing was almost solely dominated by men was enough but the fact it was such a huge success was down the way Shelley intrigued people and instilled fear. At the time it was written I personally feel that no-one would have been able to put it down. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mary Shelley section.

Security system is said to be one of the most vital aspects in doing business

Security system is said to be one of the most vital aspects in doing business and ensuring the interest of the company and the welfare of all the employees. Thus, the security personnel are in charge of guarding and protecting the company's resources and its people. As for the case of Walter, a security guard in Bug, it is considerable that he has committed a wrongdoing against the company and to his duty, as one of the security personnel that is responsible of guarding the company's business.As a security guard for Bug, Walter's primary duty is to protect the interest of the business and defend the company's property against the probable deliberate subversion coming from external forces. Thus, knowing the fact that Steve is working for Wiretap, Walter should have not freed Steve and let him walk away from Bug, as if nothing happened and he has not possibly gathered vital information about Bug's nature of doing business.Under the tort law, Walter has committed an offense, which is th at of breach of duty, as he conciously let Steve to walk away despite of the fact that he has made an offense in tresspassing the private domain of the company. Hence, Walter could be held liable to any harm and damages that might happen to Bug, as a result of successful subversion of Steve to the company's premises.More so, Walter could be held accountable to any probable lost in the company because of being negligent and disregarding direct orders, which is that of protecting and ensuring the company's resources and confidentiality in doing business. The tort law, on the other hand, is considered to be different as oppose to other areas of law because it is only a branch of civil law. Unlike in criminal law, wherein the plaintiff is always regarded as the state and the defendant, the dispute in tort law is only between two different private parties.More so, in tort law, the punishment for unsuccesfull defendant is only a matter of paying and shouldering for the damages of the plai ntiff, which evidently different as oppose to other areas of law wherein the defendant is usually punished by the state incase of proven guilty of committing a crime. Reference Theories of tort Law. (2003). Retrieved June 12, 2009, from http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/tort-theories/ Larson, A. (2003). Negligence and Tort Law. Retrieved June 12, 2009, from http://www. expertlaw. com/library/personal_injury/negligence. html

Anthropology Multiple Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Anthropology Multiple Questions - Essay Example A good example of a cultural universal is art. In music, one is more likely to listen to classical music and dance ballet if they are exposed to it. Another person may favor hip hop and rap music because they have been exposed to it. In the argument of nature versus nurture, the environment in which one grows up contributes more to how an individual turns out, as opposed to biology. This is because the environment exposes one to certain things that he or she will adopt (Nowak & Laird, 2010). Question 2: Ethnography and Ethnology An ethnographic survey is a detailed study of a group’s culture. This involves the anthropologist going out into the field, living with the subjects and recording the observations made about the group. Ethnology is the cross-comparative study of different societies to identify and explain similarities and differences. It uses data from ethnographic surveys and compares it with same data from different societies (Nowak & Laird, 2010). When conducting a study of a different culture, the method I would use would be participant observation. Becoming immersed in the culture to be studied would reduce ethnocentric tendencies from my own enculturation. It would also aid in faster integration and acceptance by the subjects, and they would be more open to sharing information. Methods of gathering data include; open-ended questionnaires, interviews, tape and video recordings and field notes. Problems that may arise include; refusal to participate, observer bias and language barriers. These problems can be countered by immersing oneself fully to gain the participants trust and get them used to outsider presence, making use of an interpreter and eventually learning some of the language. Question 3: Role of women in Foraging and Horticultural based societies Women in foraging societies were responsible for collecting wild plants while the men hunted (Nowak & Laird, 2010). Women produced up to eighty percent of the group’s nutritional n eeds. Foragers were fairly egalitarian as both sexes participated equally in food procurement. Women took part in decision making alongside men. Horticulturalists practiced small-scale farming on plots of land. Women did most of the cultivation and they held positions and statuses in horticultural societies, being the main food producers. As the role of women in food production diminishes, so does their power and status. The egalitarian nature of foraging and horticultural societies was because women were important in food production. This was not replicated in agrarian and industrialized societies where men controlled more resources. Though American women on average earn less than men, their status is higher than in the past and they can now make decisions. The American woman can be considered at par with the woman in foraging and horticultural societies. Question 4: Reciprocity in Foraging and Horticultural societies Reciprocity is a type of economic exchange where goods or servic es are given in expectation that the receiver will return the favor. Reciprocation may be generalized, where the giver trusts that the receiver will reciprocate in kind. The amount and date of reciprocation is not specified; it is an arrangement based on trust and cooperation. Foraging societies, for example, practice generalized reciprocation where a hunter shares his catch with the whole village (Mauss, 2000). The gatherers also divide out the catch amongst themselves so that every family gets something. Balanced reciprocity is practiced with the

Confederate Government Complicity in the Assassination of Abraham Research Proposal

Confederate Government Complicity in the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln - Research Proposal Example Among the authors who have substantively dealt with this issue is William Hanchet who states that like in any crime where the perpetrator is not appropriately tried or punished, there are a lot of conspiracy theories that came forth concerning the murder of Lincoln.3 Fingers have been pointed at the Vatican, the confederate Government and Lincoln’s own cabinet on the issue of the murder4. In analyzing the issues surrounding such a historical event, it is important to state what the known facts are before delving into the unknown. The assassination United States President Abraham Lincoln was carried out on the 14th of April, 1865, by John Wilkes Booth who was a renowned actor at the time. This was the first in a subsequent long list of assassinations of United States Presidents. On the fateful day, Lincoln was seated inside the presidential booth at the Ford’s Theatre in Washington watching a play Our American Cousin. With him in the box was his wife Mary who witnessed t he assassination. Booth sneaked into the box and shot the president from behind. He subsequently made good his escape even though he was challenged and nearly captured by Major Henry Rathbone who was in the President’s party to the show5. ... In fact, he shouted in Latin â€Å"Sic semper tyrannis!† which was the motto of the Virginia state that meant: Thus always to tyrants. However, the entire plan that booth and his two associates Lewis Powell and George Atzerodt did not materialize after the latter two failed to assassinate Secretary of State William Seward and Vice President Andrew Johnson respectively. Powell managed to wound Seward but Atzerodt totally freaked out of the plan6. The purpose of this research is to find out to which extent if at all the Confederates were responsible for the plan to assassinate President Lincoln. The Hypothesis here is that the assassination of Lincoln was solely the work individual extremist fanatics inspired by the lost Confederate cause. Background By April 1865, the Civil War was nearing a historic crossroads. With the surrender of Lee’s badly mauled army, a rising chorus of voices from inside and outside of Confederate government called for a radical change of tactics . Members of President Jefferson Davis’ cabinet and a core group of army officers proposed a guerilla campaign, to be based in the wilds of western Virginia. Others favored a direct strike at the heart of the federal government, a bold and destabilizing gesture aimed at bringing the Union to its knees in on stroke.To that end, the Confederate government conceived a plan to kidnap Abraham Lincoln to force the Union to free Confederate prisoners of war. This scheme never came to fruition but does call into question whether, and to what extent, the Confederate administration may have been involved in Lincoln’s assassination.7 To be sure, Davis and key members of his government had conceived of, and funded, an initiative aimed at striking the Union beyond the battlefield, an initiative that

POLITICAL CONSPIRACY AND SLANDER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

POLITICAL CONSPIRACY AND SLANDER - Essay Example However, the investigations were unsuccessful in solving crimes of political slander or even to pinpoint the officials and organizations most probable to have been executors (Pfau 2005). Thus investigations of doubtful political incidents eventually came to be ridiculed as ‘conspiracy theories’ due to the fact that, after reviewing official accounts, they frequently apply vague proofs to hypothesize about threatening schemes and convoluted cover-ups (Goldzwig 2002). As remarked by Stewart and colleagues (1994), â€Å"a conspiracy may be real or imagined, but the process is the same; a chain of apparently unrelated events or actions is linked to reveal concerted actions and intentions to cause all sorts of social, economic, political, religious, and moral problems† (ibid, p. 3). Thus, it is at times hard to discern fantasy from reality. It may be hard to put off disorientation as well. This remains a reality. People of the United States are still prone to be victim s of suspicious events that benefit confer advantage to political elites, and still Americans lack means of finding out whether the events are inevitable incidents or, rather, crimes instigated or allowed by the authorities themselves (Smith 2006). Recent cases in point are the 2000 and 2004 election troubles; the failures of defense on the 9-11 attack; the chain of threats of terrorism circulated based on weak evidence (Katyal 2003). A number of these events were never scrutinized. Others were investigated shallowly. Even the September 11 attack, which gained the most elaborate and systematic investigation, was studied by political insiders who circumvented inquiring whether the incident might have been a conspiracy (Smith 2006). Nevertheless, elites exploited these incidents to defend constraints on civil liberties, a current strategy, and an American militarism, unparalleled for the United States, of preventive conflict (Melley 2000). To be certain, large portions of the U.S. pop ulation and all over the world think that the administration of Bush accepted and may have in some way allowed the 9-11 attack, yet these misgivings are only another group of conspiracy theories that create more issues than clarifications. To transcend incident-specific assumptions of government schemes, the discussion of political conspiracy and slander in this paper would employ social scientific premises for ideas into the widespread occurrence of state assaults on democratic principles and practices. Political Conspiracy and Slander in the United States Even though conspiracy theorists have been unsuccessful to build up a sufficient explanation of state crime, they are worthy of recognition for emphasizing a threatening possibility historically taken for granted by scholars. The latter have investigated different types of state criminality, but in nearly every instance the opportunity for government authorities in liberal democracies to undermine or challenge democratic principl es and practices has been overlooked (Pozen 2010). In criminology and sociology, a large number of studies on state crime have put emphasis on connections between subversive and public organizations, particularly the symbiosis that frequently emerges between organized crime and law enforcement agencies (Pfau 2005). Hardly any intellectuals in these disciplines have also investigated state criminality as a kind of political

DEcsribe your current clinical experience at West Chester General Research Paper

DEcsribe your current clinical experience at West Chester General Hospital - Research Paper Example My colleagues at the hospital have been very supportive, given that the hospital ER is ever busy, my colleagues and I ensure that time is well managed and all emergency cases are handled with utmost professionals. The staff and faculty interactions are well managed ensuring that there team work is attained and tensions and burnouts due to the high level of work are prevented and incase they occur, they get controlled and solved on time. I am confident my clinical goals will be achieved after the completion of my rotation ,I aspire to be a qualified LPN with specialization in the ER department .More over, I would like to fully incorporate my knowledge and skills in helping millions of sick people in the US and world over ( O’shea, 2008). Since I started my rotation and during my academic years, I have realized that I am very skilled when it comes to clinical matters. This is due to the great passion I posses in regard to this field. More over, after receiving my knowledge in cl ass I am usually eager to put it in practice in the best ways. However, I have also noticed that my greatest weakness is documentation; I tend to concentrate so much on the practical side that I sometimes forget to note down whatever I have been working on. I have a plan in place to assist me improve in this area of professionalism, one of the plans is ensure that I constantly use my diary when going around my duties. After my rotation, at West Chester General Hospital, I expect to gain more and sufficient experience as an LPN with special skills at an ER post. I look forward to be a great team player, with excellent organizational and communication .I believe that my faculty and staff interaction during my time at the institution will enable me achieve this (Weishapple, 2001). My clinical area of interest is becoming an emergency trauma and a legal nursing, so far my experience as an LPN in the ER, has motivated me to further my studies in the same area. I noticed that most patient s were devastated after being admitted at the hospital ER and working in the same room and offering psychological assistance will give me great satisfaction. Providing care to patients with severe injuries and having to act fast and think quickly on my feet will set the right ground in terms of experience to practice as a legal nurse in future. Besides that ,I plan to become a legal nurse to assist patients ,attorneys, insurance companies and other healthcare professional to deal with medical legal cases .Before becoming a legal nurse consultant, I know that I ought to have gained adequate experience in nursing ,probably I will pursue this field after practicing for some time as an emergency and trauma nurse. I would like to face new challenges where I will have to extensively understand medical terminologies and set aside enough time away form hospital procedures to concentrate in this field. I understand what it takes to be an emergency trauma nurse and legal consultant and I am r eady to for it. In 5-10 years, I can foresee myself as a successful nurse practitioner in the United States of America. During the first five years, I will be concentrating

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Strategic management - Essay Example It is currently the largest coffee house globally with its current size satisfying a customer base of more than 40 million weekly. It operates 16,635 stores in 50 countries whereby 11,068 are located in the United States. The company operated 9,031 stores and 4,776 licensed stores as of 2011 fiscal year. The company has three operational segments namely the Global Consumer Products Group (CPG), United States (US) and International (Quelch, 2006). Its product lines include beverages such as coffee, soda, juices and Tazo tea, pastries, whole coffee beans and merchandise such as CDs and mugs. Its three largest overseas markets are Japan (more than 180 stores), England (more than 370 stores) and 120 stores in both China and Taiwan. Starbucks is currently the fastest growing food chain. It is planning to boost earnings by 20% to 25% in the preceding five years and increase its global storefronts to 40,000. The company attained a 14% increase in revenue to $13.3 billion in the fiscal year 2012. The company is optimistic that the revenues will further grow in the fiscal year 2013 at a range of 10% to 13% following the growth in store sales, new store openings and advancement in channel development business. The US segment includes both company-oriented and licensed stores. The US segment sells coffee and other beverages, whole bean coffee, complementary food and other selected merchandise through stores. Its financial management goals are conservative in that the existing stores pay for the new store installations. To ensure customer satisfaction, Starbucks focuses on value chain development, market development and penetration, horizontal integration and concentric and conglomerate diversification. This paper is a strategic analysis of Starbucks Coffee Company with focus on its United States business segment. Market Environment Analysis for Starbucks Coffee Company PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL analysis contains five factors (political, Economic, Social, Technological, E nvironmental and Legal) that affect the external business environment of the company (Appendix 2). The three most crucial factors affecting the US business segment of the company are political, economic and technological. Political/legal The political/legal environment of Starbucks is of high significance because the company imports all their coffee beans; international laws must apply. The high taxation rates in coffee producing countries makes the company hike the prices of their commodities. This implies that any fluctuations in the taxation rules will be passed to the consumer. Increased prices affect the consumption rates of customers. Trade issues will predominantly affect Starbucks when importing or exporting goods. According to Dlabay, Burrow and Kleindl, (2011), imposition of tariffs leads to losses as well as large income transfers that can become inconsistent with equity. The local elections may also have negative effects on the business due to the change in administratio n that may alter the business laws. Economic Increase in the international or local interest rates tampers

Culture and custom Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culture and custom - Essay Example As far as American traits are regarded in comparison to the German traits, we can find some similarities and some contrasts. All the people living in this world adopt certain habits and characteristics on the basis of social setup of their own land. Americans like Germans also adopt certain features such as they are also fond of eating like Germans, they are also friendly but they are somewhat arrogant on the basis of their standing in this world. In today’s world, America is regarded as the top most nation with maximum opportunities to gain success, therefore, the people also carry this opinion and consider themselves unique due to which, arrogance can be noticed in their routine attitudes. However, all people cannot be categorized as the same. Americans also speak good English but English is their native language and speaking it nicely is their compulsion. Americans and Germans carry some characteristics that are similar such as eating fondness, speaking good English while their good humor and good nature is not considered as their

Police science (LCN) La cosa Nostra (the MOB) paper Essay

Police science (LCN) La cosa Nostra (the MOB) paper - Essay Example The influence of this syndicate is so strong that it has not been overcome yet. In many cities of the United States of America several criminal organizations pay tax to La Cosa Nostra, so that they can easily be able to do their own criminal activities. With the help of dummy firms the organization controls many businesses including textiles, food and garbage business. Organized Crime is a self perpetuating and continuing conspiracy used by groups that are hierarchical. The organized crime groups maintain their status with the help of violence and corruption of public officials.(Albini, 1997) These groups have extended their criminal activities into areas such as technological espionage, smuggling of drugs and the financial market manipulation. The greatest organized criminal threat to the American people is from La Coas Nostra. There are four Italian organized crime groups behind LCN, active in the U.S.A. are the Sicilian Mafia, Sacra Corona Unita, Ndrangheta and Camorra. In 1960's the members of these organized crime groups migrated to America and linked themselves with the LCN. (Jeffers, 2002) They got the permission of doing heroin trade in the country. Since then they became a part of the criminal operations of La Cosa Nostra. The major threat to the United States of America posed by organized crime groups which centers around their money laundering and drug trafficking activities. The Italian Organized Crime groups cooperate regularly with other international OC groups in many criminal activities. Their links extend to Asia, parts of Europe, North America, South America and Australia. These groups have been active in heroin trade for years and they were the early importers of drugs into the country. These groups are also collaborated with the drug cartels of Colombia. Evolution of La Cosa Nostra The Mafia has transformed itself according to the requirements and conditions of contemporary society. Since the 1980s, it has transformed itself into a hierarchical organization. This has been done to improve efficiency and effectiveness of various criminal enterprises. (Downey, 2004) The rapid proliferation of narcotics in the 1980s and 1990s was attributed towards the creation of a new Mafia model. La Cosa Nostra has developed extensive relationships and networks with other organized criminal groups. This helps criminal enterprises to coordinate and integrate their efforts. It also prevents the detection of criminal activity by law enforcement agencies. (Porello, 2006) Thus the La Cost Nostra can harmonize its efforts in the multifaceted distribution of manual labor which is required to execute complex criminal initiatives and endeavors. Also in the current decade, the Mafia has moved into cyberspace. This is because the Internet offers an endless stream of criminal opportunities. The anonymity and ease of cyberspace provides a convenient ground to engage in intricate criminal activities. The exchange of information and knowledge has been made easy due to the advent of the Internet. Identity threat, fraudulent activities, and scams can easily be employed using the Internet. Future of La Cosa Nostra Globalization and information technology have been powerful social and economic trends that have revolutionized human society. The future of the La Cosa Nostra will

Supplemental Materials Essay Example for Free

Supplemental Materials Essay Additional Readings: Four Pillars Read â€Å"Four Pillars† on the GCU website. Link: http://www.gcu.edu/About-Us/Four-Pillars.php Student Preparation for Distance Education Read Student Preparation for Distance Education, by Taormino, from Distance Learning (2010). (7pgs.) Link: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ofsAN=55725308site=eds-livescope=site New Skills for a New Work Reality Read New Skills for a New Work Reality, by Galagan, from T + D (2011). (4pgs.) Link: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ofsAN=525614319site=eds-livescope=site The Cornell Method Read The Cornell Method portion of the Note Taking Systems page of the California Polytechnic State University website. (6pgs.) Link: http://www.sas.calpoly.edu/asc/ssl/notetakingsystems.html#cornell Parallel Note-Taking: A Strategy for Effective Use of Webnotes Read Parallel Note-Taking: A Strategy for Effective Use of Webnotes, by Pardini et al., from Journal of College Reading and Learning (2005). (18pgs.) Link: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=ericAN=EJ689655site=ehost-livescope=site The Digital Dog Ate My Notes Read, The Digital Dog Ate My Notes: Tools and Strategies for 21st Century Research Projects, by Lamb Johnson, from Teacher Librarian (2009). Link: http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=a9hAN=47500220site=ehost-livescope=site TEDTalks Resources: Utilize the following resources to assist you in responding to the Journals and Discussion Questions throughout this course. Topic 3: Drew Dudley: Everyday Leadership (6min) http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://digital.films.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129xtid=52942 Stanley McChrystal: Listen, Learn†¦Then Lead (16min) http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://digital.films.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129xtid=48626 John Wooden: Coaching for People, Not Points (18min) http://library.gcu.edu:2048/login?url=http://digital.films.com.library.gcu.edu:2048/PortalPlaylists.aspx?aid=12129xtid=48140 Support Materials: An In-Depth List of Online Study Help Resources Review An In-Depth List of Online Study Help Resources, located on the Wayback Machine website. (5 pgs. of tips with each a separate resource to other tips) Link: http://web.archive.org/web/20110704183249/http://www.guidetoonlineschools.com/tips-and-tools/study-help Note Taking; the Cornell Method http://www.nrcs.k12.oh.us/Downloads/Cornell-Note.pdf Cornell Method: Notes Generator This is a generator to for creating your own Cornell Notes http://www.cornell-notes.com/index.php

Wilfred Owen War Poet Essay Example for Free

Wilfred Owen War Poet Essay The first Word War which took place mostly in Europe from 1914 to 1918 left millions dead and shaped the modern world. After World War I poets started to write about their experiences. Most of these poets had been soldiers who wrote the poetry to reflect the horror of their experiences in an immediate and realistic way. Trench warfare in particular and the chaos of war in general were the source of the poems indignation and disgust. The high death rate and the horrific conditions suffered by those fighting in the trenches meant that the concept of ‘heroic sacrifice’ in service to one’s country became meaningless. Patriotic poetry was therefore replaced with poems that were to symbolize the futility of war, protesting against the waste of life and forcing its readers to engage emotionally with reality. Within this essay I will look at the effects the war had on soldiers who fought in the trenches and how they dealt with the unimaginable numbers of deaths they encountered daily. I will explore the way they were able to cope with the grief and loss and how attitudes towards death and mourning changed as a result of the war. Throughout this piece I will focus on one particular soldier, Wilfred Owen, and the poetry he wrote about the loss of lives and the effect that his writing had on the mourning and memories of those left behind. In writings on World War 1, the enactment of grief is often overshadowed by the drama of battle, as in the wider conflict where loss is born; grief leaves no one unaffected by its devastation. Writing, whether in the form of poetry or letters, allowed the soldiers to share their anguish as a way of coming to terms with their harrowing loss and sense of guilt as survivors. Before the war there was a system of both public and private grieving and mourning. Mourners wore black and the period of mourning was dependent upon the relationship to the deceased. Funerals could be elaborate affairs depending on social class and many of these conventions were shaped by religious and Christian beliefs which enforced a public respectability in the grieving process. After the war broke out however, death in combat demanded that soldiers and their relatives express their grief in a new way. Without the remnants of a body, or the ritual of a funeral, their descriptions through their writings were more than just words. The details of death which soldiers conveyed, offered an emotional comfort to families, but at the same time their words would also scar those families for life. Surrounded by unimaginable numbers of their comrades who had died prematurely, soldiers fumbled to find a voice to convey the meaning of such circumstances. Letter writing for many became a way they could attempt to control the chaos which surrounded them, but a few soldiers began to make sense of it all through poetry. Some critics believed Wilfred Owen to be the most individual and best of the war poets. He forged a new kind of elegy upon the anvil of modern industrialised warfare. The best of Owens poems were to be written between the summer of 1917 and autumn 1918 after meeting another poet, Siegfried Sassoon, at Craiglockhart Hospital. Owens poetry after his experiences in the trenches moved his poems towards a powerful realism where the observations are disturbing, for him the war was a tragedy and beneath the surface disgust, lays a pity and compassion that raised his poetry above simple propaganda. Some of his poems from the war help us to rethink the elegiac triad of; mourning poet, mourning reader, and mourned victim, suggesting that even in war elegies; both poet and reader may partly create the victimisation they mourn. He brought a profound but sceptical understanding of the resources available to the mourning poet in the sonnets ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ and ‘Futility’; he resisted the traditional conventions of an elegy. ‘Anthem’ is a collective elegy for the nameless many and ‘Futility’ an elegy for a single man. Critics often treat the elegy as a therapeutic device: working through grief, creating an aesthetic substitution for loss, the elegist masters or at least manages pain. Many of Owens elegies do not fit this therapeutic model. Their task, it seems, is to maintain a certain amount of suffering, not to effect a cure; they produce not a yield of pleasure but an aggravation of pain. Some of Owens critics accuse him of consolatory mourning in ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ suggesting that Owen participates in the religious ideology of compensatory exchange, urging us to accept memory as a substitute for human lives. The enormity of the loss of lives precludes any of the traditional rituals of consolation mourning; all that remains is the suffering of unfocused grief down an endless recession of time, and ‘each slow dusk a drawing down of blinds’. ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ was written whilst Owen was in Craiglockhart with the encouragement of Sassoon. It is in sonnet form and is an elegy where he relates to the youth, these were very young men whose lives were most definitely doomed. Owen immediately engages readers with the use of questions as though interrogating them. He asks a question in the first line of each stanza, following with his answers for the remainder of the stanza. His first question ‘What passing-bells for these who die as cattle? ’ (1) suggests he feels the tribute made to dead soldiers is insufficient. Are they merely cattle being sent to slaughter whose lives of little importance? His second question, ‘What candles may be held to speed them all? ’ (9), shows his belief that people do not understand the nature of these deaths as he looks at how the community responds to their loss through ritual. Where we might expect the religious lexis to offer hope in a time of despair, he sees it as a mockery of the sacrifices being made. For Owen, it is not the outward show of public rituals, ‘the candles’ and ‘flowers’ that is meaningful, but inner reflection. The first part of the poem contains words made to sound like the war and weapons, ‘guns’, ‘rifles’, ‘shells’ which are ironically linked to religious imagery – ‘bells’, ‘orisons’, ‘prayers’ and ‘choirs’. In line 8 things switch from the fighting to Britain’s ‘sad shires’ where loved ones mourn, changing the tone to rueful contemplation from bitter passion. ‘And bugles calling for them from sad shires’(8) the Bugler’s ‘last post’ was traditionally interpreted as a strain of farewell at a serviceman’s funeral, whereas here Owen hears it as an unanswerable call to return to the alliterated ‘sad shires’. Owen being from Shropshire, thought of the typical Englishman as a ‘Shropshire Lad’ and the traditional, united country life where each individual was know as part of the community, his loss would be grieved by all. Owen carefully sets the chaos of the trenches against the subdued atmosphere of church. Phrases like ‘passing-bells’ (1) and ‘holy-glimmers’ (11) and ‘voice of mourning’ (6) symbolise the sanctity of life – and death – whilst suggesting also the inadequacy, the futility, even meaninglessness of organised religion against the cataclysm of war. Once again in lines 9 – 14 religious images and illusions are dominant. The ‘candles’ in the ‘hands of boys’ and the ‘pallor of girls’ brows shall be their pall’ suggesting that these things are meaningless, you just need to look into their eyes and the pale faces of the women left behind to learn the truth about war, their silent minds stand as the most fitting tribute to the sacrifices made. Owens poem begins to envisage the chaos of war as an unending condition of modern existence with every individual bearing somewhere its scars. The constant reference to religious imagery seems symbolic, representations of the spiritual, which he sees as a ‘mockery’(5), just as in his eyes, ‘candles’, ‘flowers’ and the ‘drawing down of blinds’(14) are no more gestures in a public mourning which bears no resemblance to individual experience. This moving image of closure brings the sonnet to a quiet close. The ‘drawing-down of blinds’(14) is linked to the English tradition of closing curtains or drawing down blinds in a house of mourning. As ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ ends with the sun at dusk, the end of a day and a representation of the end of many lives, ‘Futility’ begins with the sun at dawn, the beginning of the day yet still the end of a life. Shortly after writing the poem ‘Futility’, Owen categorised his poems, placing this one under the heading of grief. Although Owen appeared to know the dead soldier written about, the anonymity allows it to be universal; it could be describing any soldier as he ponders nature’s power to create life, setting it against the futility of extinction. It takes the form of a short elegiac lyric where he uses the sun as a metaphorical framework. ‘Move him into the sun’(1), the poem begins with an instruction which seems a gentle command especially as many of the words throughout the first stanza reinforce this softness of emotion, ‘gently’(2), ‘whispering’ (3) and ‘kind’ (7). The sun is personified ‘gently its touch’(2), ‘whispering’ just as he uses personification in ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’ to give a powerful images to demonstrate the lives that are ruined through war. Once again in this poem, along with ‘Anthem for Doomed Youth’, he refers to how young the soldiers were that died, ‘fields half sown’(3), a metaphor for lives not fully lived yet, they had not had time to experience life before they died at war. War for Owen was senseless, for so many men to lose their lives, especially at a young age, made him question the purpose of our existence. He was convinced that many of the people, who remained in England and hadn’t experienced the warfare, didn’t understand how the soldiers were suffering and therefore couldn’t express true sympathy. He felt by writing ‘Futility’ he would be able to portray the worthlessness of war, the uselessness of human life and arouse pity and grief in those who read it. (Mahmud 2008) The dead soldier in ‘Futility’ is not given a name perhaps to represent every soldier who was killed in the war. C. W. Gillam (1965) states that ‘the sight of the dead soldier makes the writer wonder why creation ever happened if it was to end only in such futility’. The persona wonders if we were created for this, and if this is the case, then our existence seems meaningless. Consequently, the experience of loss is universalised, the reader imagines this soldier to be a potential close relative or any human who is caught up in a chaotic world. The ‘O’ indicates the bitterness of this discovery, the poem produced an initial emotion of hope, but ends with the feeling of hopelessness. The contrast between the peacefulness of the first stanza against the grief and anger of the second makes this a poem that conveys its message of the meaningless of life and a protest against the wisdom of creating people only to have them die in such horrific circumstances. The First World War had a drastic effect on the poetry of many poets of the twentieth century. Poets like Siegfried Sassoon and Wilfred Owen, as well as many others gave us their firsthand experience of war and described the fatal effects whether physical or mental upon those who participated and those left behind. Many of the poets suffered from psychological problems during and after the war due to shell shock and the horrible mutilation they witnessed on the battlefield. Some of the poetry can help us understand the sense of grief and anger at the pointlessness of war and the anger at the sheer numbers of soldiers sent to battle to be massacred like ‘cattle’. Early on the morning of 4th November 1918 Wilfred Owen was killed by enemy fire. When the telegram arrived to inform his parents of his death the local church bells could be heard, ironically linking him to his own poetry ‘passing-bells for these who die’ even though the bells were in celebration of the Armistice. Owens’s poetry is not for everyone as it combines graphic descriptions of war and the reality for those involved on the front line. He is generally acknowledged as being both the most successful, and best, poet of wars reality. The reason why may be found in the preface to his poetry, of which a drafted fragment was found after Owens death: Yet these elegies are not to this generation, this is in no sense consolatory. They may be to the next. All a poet can do today is to warn. That is why the true Poets must be truthful.

King Henry VIII of England: Wives and Legacy

King Henry VIII of England: Wives and Legacy Outline Henry VIII Reigned as king of England from the 21st of April in 1509 until his death on 28thof January in 1547, King Henry VIII who ruled for 37 years and 282 days was the second son of King Henry VII and Elizabeth of York. His older brother Arthur, Prince of Wales got married to Catherine of Aragon in 1501 when Henry was 10 years old. Soon after Arthurs wedding, his wife, Catherine, and he went to live in Wales, seeing that was tradition for the heir to the throne. However, four months after their marriage began, it ended with Arthurs death. Later on, An agreement was signed that would allow Catherine to marry the next heir to the throne which was Prince Henry. Until then, Catherines parents, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain would send over 100,000 crowns worth of plate and gold as a wedding gift and Henry would pay the agreed upon dowry. It was viewed as necessary for a papal dispensation to be issued permitting Henry to marry Catherine, as she was his dead brothers wife, and this marriage was illegal in Leviticus. At the time Catherine denied that her marriage to Arthur had even been accomplished so no dispensation was needed. However, permission from the pope was wanted and received due to both parties in Spain and England who wanted to be sure of the legitimacy of the marriage. Arthurs death caused Henry to be the upcoming king in a very young age and that Henry was shy of 18 years old, but he did prepare himself for this situation after his brothers death. When people hear the name Henry VIII they would not want to see an 18 year old boy so he was not what people really expected. Henry was not the heavy and ill kind of person in his later years. Instead in his youth, he was handsome and athletic. He was tall as well as he had a bright red-gold cap of hair and beard balding and unhealthy man that is often remembered. Henrys marital career is probably the thing that he is most known for. Shortly after becoming king, Henry VIII took Catherine of Aragon as his bride on 11 June 1509. King Henry had inherited  £1.5 million pounds from his father and had succeeded in the first peaceful transition of power after the Wars of the Roses. He then brought a youth and vigor to the court that had long been lacking and that Henry dreamed of glory beyond the hunt and argues. Catherine of Aragon Wife # 1 Catherine of Aragon was rased in a family of kings and queens and she was intended to become one herself. As she was about four years old she was betrothed to the future king of England. After her first husband dies, Catherine of Aragon by 1505 married Henry VIII. She satisfied this destiny. Soon after their marriage, Catherine finds out that she is pregnant, but with a stillborn daughter. Subsequent to that she gave birth to a daughter called Mary. But Henry was scared that hell die before having a boy to take his name after him and at the same time Catherine could not really produce a male heir. After all she became a victim of Henry VIIIs inability to produce a male heir. For this reason, she was removed from her throne and her marriage annulled. Although, maybe not the most memorable of Henry VIIIs wives, she certainly had left a mark on history. Anne Boleyn Wife # 2 In 1528, Anne showed real interest in religious reform and may have gave some of her ideas to Henry, and gaining the hatred of some members of the Court. The legal argues about the marriage of Henry and Catherine of Aragon continued on. Anne was no doubt frustrated by the lack of progress. Her famous anger and tongue showed themselves at times in famous arguments between her and Henry for all the court to see. Anne feared that Henry might go back to Catherine if the marriage could not be annulled and Anne would have wasted time that she could have used to make an advantageous marriage. Sometime near the end of 1532, Anne finally gave way and by December she was pregnant. To avoid any questions of the legitimacy of the child, Henry was forced into action. Sometime near St. Pauls Day, Anne and Henry were secretly married. Although the Kings marriage to Catherine was not dissolved, in the Kings mind it had never existed in the first place, so he was free to marry whomever he wanted. On May 23, the Archbishop officially proclaimed that the marriage of Henry and Catherine was invalid. Anne later on recognized that it was urgent that she produce a son. By January of 1534, she was pregnant again, but the child was either miscarried or stillborn. In 1535, she became pregnant again but miscarried by the end of January. The child was reported to have been a boy. The Queen was quite upset, and blamed the miscarriage on her state of mind after hearing that Henry had taken a fall in jousting. She had to have known at this point that her failure to produce a living male heir was a threat to her own life, especially since the Kings fancy for one of her ladies-in-waiting, Jane Seymour, began to grow. Although Anne gave birth to a girl named Elizabeth, she got executed since she could not produce a male heir so he can come after the king. Jane Seymour- Wife # 3 In September 1535, the King stayed at the Seymour family home in Wiltshire, England. It may have been there that the king noticed Jane. Henrys love for Jane was secretly made that no one noticed but until February of 1536. By that point, Jane probably pegged to be in a position such as the one Anne was in as a queen, and that she would love to replace her, while Henrys unconcern in Anne was obvious. Within 24 hours of Anne Boleyns execution, Jane Seymour and Henry VIII were formally betrothed. On the 30th of May, Henry and Jane were married. Jane never had a coronation, unlike Henrys previous two Queens. King Henry was waiting for Jane to prove herself by giving him a son. It was not until early 1537 that Jane became pregnant. During her pregnancy, Janes every whim was indulged by the King Henry was convinced that Jane, whom he felt to be his first true wife, carried his long hoped for son. In October, a prince was born at Hampton Court Palace and was christened on 15th of October. T he baby was named Edward. Mary, daughter of Catherine of Aragon, was godmother and Elizabeth, daughter of Anne Boleyn, also played a role in the ceremony. Jane attended her sons christening, although she was weak. She died on October 24th, just two weeks after her son was born. Anne of Cleves- Wife #4 Henry VIII remained single for more than two years after his beloved, Jane Seymours death. Maybe he was giving some acceptance to the thought that he lost his previous wife, Jane Seymour. Henrys first marriage had been a foreign alliance of sorts, although it is almost certain that the two were truly in love for some time. His next two brides were love matches and Henry could have had little or no monetary or political gain from them. Henry did also want to be sure he was getting a desirable bride, so he had agents in foreign courts report to him on the appearance and other qualities of various candidates. He also sent painters to bring him images of these women. Hans Holbein was sent to the court of the Duke of Cleves, who had two sisters, Amelia and Anne. Holbein painted the sisters of the Duke of Cleves and Henry decided to have a contract drawn up for his marriage to Anne. At the end, Anne was probably smart enough to know that she would only be making trouble for herself if she raised any obstacles to Henrys attempts to annul the marriage. She testified that the match had not been accomplished and that her previous engagement to the son of the Duke of Lorraine had not been properly broken. So at last she got what she wanted, a divorce. Kathryn Howard Wife # 5 Katherine Parr Wife #6 Edward VI Mary I (and know as Bloody Mary) Mary Tudor is the daughter of King Henry VIII and Katherine of Aragon, born on February 18, 1516.she was well educated and was able to speak and write in both Latin and French. Moreover she studied theology and history. At age eleven Mary translated a prayer of St Thomas Aquinas from Latin to English and under the tutelage of Katherine Parr learned to translate Erasmuss Paraphrases of the Gospel of ST John from Latin. One of her hobbies is playing music such as the lute and virginals like pro at an early age. After her father annulled his marriage to her mother in 1533 this had a heavy hearted affection on Mary. The child that was loved and adored by both of her parents wound up in hostile arguments with her father. Henry became a hard hearted man towards the daughter he was supposed to love and she felt she had to be her mothers champion and stand up for her mothers rights. Katherine always made it clear to everyone that she felt that she was the real wife of King Henry VIII and that she would not do anything to endanger her daughters and rightful place on the throne. In 1533 her father secret married Anne Boleyn and they soon expected a child. When her half sister Elizabeth was born on September 7th 1533, Marywas proclaimed a bastard and not eligible to inherit the crown. The favor was then passed on to her younger sister. Marys pride was humiliated even further when she was forced to be a lady in waiting to Elizabeth. Anne mistreated Mary and lowered her self esteem by uttering nasty threats at her and even tried to have her own father sentence her to death. Elizabeth Tudor Henrys second wife Anne Boleyn gave birth to a daughter named Elizabeth, born on September 7th 1533. When she was a year old an act of succession was passed in her favor, which made her heir to the throne in place of her older sister Mary. In her young life Elizabeth had a number of governesses one of whom was Lady Margaret Bryan who had to beg Cromwell for night gowns and chemises for the princess once she grew out of them. Clothes that had been ordered by the princesses mother Anne Boleyn. When Elizabeth was four Margaret Bryan was transferred to the household to become governess to Prince Edward. Elizabeth was taughtmathematics, history, geography, architecture, needlework, dancing, riding and deportment. Elizabeth spoke and read Latin, French, Italian, Flemishand Greek. The princess spent most of her child hood in different royal houses in the northern part of London. The first house in Hatfield was a redbrick palace built by Cardinal John Mortor between 1480 and 1497. As a child Elizabeth rarely visited her father at the palace. Henry VIII would send someone to make inquiries about her health and education. When Elizabeth was eight years old her second cousin Katherine Howard was beheaded for committing adultery which brought back the terrifying way in which her mother died. Henry never intentionally expected her education would prepare her to become Queen. Elizabeth was not beautiful, but she was appealing to the eye. She had inherited her fathers red hair and hooked nose. She inherited her long pale face, pointed chin and witty eyes from her mother. Elizabeth was well composed, well mannered and posed certain gravity and was described as a witty and gentile young lady. She was also a strong minded woman and strived to work hard in everything she did.

Nicolas Leonard Sadi Carnot :: biography biographies bio

Nicolas LÃ ©onard Sadi Carnot June 1, 1796 - August 24, 1832 Nicolas Carnot was born on June 1, 1796 in Paris, France. He was the son of Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot. When Sadi was born his father was a member of the Directory, which was the French Revolutionary government. Sadi was brought up in a rough evironment of clashing politics and sciences. His father retired from his position as napoleon's minister in order to devote his time to educating his two sons. At the age of 16 Sadi was sent to Lycee Charlemagne in Paris in order to prepare him for the testings to get into Ecole Polytechnique. At this young age of 16 he entered the Ecole Polytechnique, two years later at the age of 18 he graduated from there. After this he took a two year course in military engineering. Some years later Sadi went to visit his father since he was exiled after the defeat of Napoleon. During his visit of his father they spoke in great detail of a steam engine that had come through where his father lived. This filled Sadi with great excitement as he had plan to develop a theory for steam engines. Once he returned to Paris he began immediatley working on the mathematical theory of heat. This lead to the start of the modern theory of what we know today as thermodynamics. Sadi's first piece that he worked on was a mathematical expression for the work done by one kilogram of steam. This research done my Sadi was never published to the public. It wasn't until later that Sadi finally published something on his works. When his father died his brother, Hippolyte Carnot came to Paris in order to help his brother finish his book on steam engines that he was currently working on. Sadi's book was finally published in 1824, and in his book was the theory of the "Carnot Cycle" In 1827 he was called back into the military to work as a military engineer which he did for less than one year. He quickly retired and moved back to Paris to continue his work on the theory of heat. In 1832 Sadi Carnot became very sick with the cholera epidemic and he died one day after getting cholera, at the young age of only 36. Carnot is known as the father of thermodynamics. He was the first person to show the relationship between work and heat.

Laser Technology :: essays research papers fc

The laser is a device that a beam of light that is both scientifically and practically of great use because it is coherent light. The beam is produced by a process known as stimulated emission, and the word "laser" is an acronym for the phrase "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation." Light is just like radio waves in the way that it can also carry information. The information is encoded in the beam as variations in the frequency or shape of the light wave. The good part is that since light waves have much higher frequencies they can also hold much more information. Not only is the particle the smallest light unit but it is a particle as well as a wave. In beams of light whether they are ordinary natural or artificial the photon waves will not be traveling together because they are not being emitted at exactly the same moment but instead at random short bursts. Even if the light is of a single frequency that statement would also be true. A laser is useful because it produces light that is not only of essentially a single frequency but also coherent, with the light waves all moving along in unison. Lasers consist of several components. A few of the many things that the so-called active medium might consist of are, atoms of a gas, molecules in a liquid, and ions in a crystal. Another component consists of some method of introducing energy into the active medium, such as a flash lamp for example. Another component is the pair of mirrors on either side of the active medium which consists of one that transmits some of the radiation that hits it. If the active component in the laser is a gas laser than each atom is characterized by a set of energy states, or energy levels, of which it may consist. An example of the energy states could be pictured as a unevenly spaced ladder which the higher rungs mean higher states of energy and the lower rungs mean lower states of energy. If left disturbed for a long time the atom will reach its ground state or lowest state of energy. According to quantum mechanics there is only one light frequency that the atom will work with. There are three ways that the atom can deal with the presence of light either it can absorb the light, or spontaneous emission occurs, or stimulated emission occurs.

Understanding Black Holes Essay -- Astronomy, research papers

Throughout the modern era of astronomy, a single type of celestial object has puzzled astronomers more than any other. Black holes, whose existence was only verified in the early 1990’s, have fascinated scientists ever since Einstein first proposed the theoretical concept in the 1930’s. A black hole is an object so tiny, but also so dense, that it has the power to pull planets, stars, and even light into its core, and ultimately destroy everything in its path. Over the past decade much has been discovered about these enigmas of space and time; however, many of these recent discoveries lead to more unanswered questions. Nevertheless, the basic life cycle of a black hole is now understood in ways thought to be impossible only twenty years ago. In order to begin to grasp the destructive force of a black hole, one must first understand its creation. Oddly enough, a black hole can only be formed from the death of a star, but no ordinary star can create a black hole; it has to be a super-massive star. Stars consist mainly of hydrogen, and the hydrogen atoms are under such great pressure that they collide and cause a fusion reaction, which creates helium. This constant fusion reaction within the star is what keeps it from collapsing onto itself, thereby sustaining its massive size for billions of years. When a normal-sized star begins to run out of hydrogen, eventually the entire star will begin to run out of hydrogen and the star will actually expand and engulf the inner planets (including earth) before contracting. An average sized star like that of our sun will now become the size of the Earth (Ando, 2004). This is called a white dwarf, and although white dwarves are too dim to be seen from Earth with the naked eye, they doe cont... ... holes die but it takes awhile. Retrieved April 2, 2015 from http://www.wonderquest.com/black-holes.htm Morcone, J. (2007, December). 'Death Star' Galaxy Black Hole Fires at Neighboring Galaxy. Retrieved March 14, 2015, from http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/07-139.html Nadis, S. (2010). Exploring the galaxy-black hole connection. (Cover story). Astronomy, 38(5), 28-33. Retrieved April 2, 2015 from Academic Search Premier database. Talcott, R. (2010). A black hole caught in the act. Astronomy, 38(5), 25. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Academic Search Premier database. Talcott, R. (2010). Black holes do a waltz. Astronomy, 38(5), 26. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Academic Search Premier database. Taubes, G. (1999). String Theorists Find a Rosetta Stone. Science, 285(5427), 512. Retrieved April 2, 2015, from Academic Search Premier database.

Kristen Cookie Company

Assignment 1 Operations Management I Kristen’s Cookie Company (A1) Section No. | 5| Group No. | AA1| Total Marks| 50| Marks Obtained| | Sr. No. | Name of Students| Roll No| 1| Ameya Prakash Deopujari| 12506| 2| Mayank Jhawar| 12527| 3| Nitya Agarwal| 12532| 4| Pawanjot Singh Makkar| 12535| 5| Radhika Sharma| 12540| 1 – How long will it take you to fill an order? Ans – Total time taken for a 1 dozen order is 26 minutes as per below table. Activity Involved| Cycle Time| Cumulative time| Order Entry| 0 minute| 0 minute| Washing & mixing| 6 minutes| 6 minutes| Spooning| 2 minutes| 8 minutes|Oven set up| 1 minute| 9 minutes| Bake cookies| 9 minutes| 18 minutes| Remove cookies| 0 minute| 18 minutes| Cool cookies| 5 minutes| 23 minutes| Pack cookies| 2 minutes| 25 minutes| Accept payment| 1 minute| 26 minutes| 2 – How many orders can you fill in a night, assuming you are open four hours each night? Ans – Time taken for preparation of a single order can be divided into 3 parts: Therefore if the tray is ready for the second order (pre baking process) while the first order is in the oven for baking, it would save 8 minutes of time for every subsequent order.When the first order is in process in baking, the pre baking session for the second order will take place for 8 minutes, thus these 8 minutes have been saved. Every order has to undergo both baking and post-baking processes taking 18 (10+8) minutes. But when the first order is in post baking session (taking 8 minutes) then during the 8 minutes second order can be baked saving 8 minutes. 2 minutes will be consumed by second order only as baking process in total takes 10 minutes. Then post baking process of second order will take 8 minutes more. So the second order in total takes 10 (8+2) minutes extra.Now when the second order is in baking then third order can be prepared for pre baking process thus saving 8 minutes again. As second order is in post baking process for 8 minutes, then third order can be baked thus saving 8 minutes. 2 minutes extra will be consumed by third order for baking process. 8 minutes will be consumed then for the post baking process. So the third order will take 10 minutes extra for total processing. Therefore every subsequent order will take 10 minutes only for complete process. Therefore time taken for the preparation of ‘additional x' orders of 1 dozen would be: (26 + 10x) minutesThus if business operates for maximum of 4 hours (i. e. 240 minutes) the maximum no: of orders Kristen Cookie Company can take in 1 day would be 22 dozens as per table below. So from above table it is clear that after the first dozen every subsequent dozen will take 10 minutes only. So 22 dozens taking a total of 236 minutes can be prepared in 4 hours of business. 3 – How much of your own and your roommate’s valuable time will it take to fill each order? Ans – For my roommate time taken to fill each order is:- For me first dozen will take time as per below:- For second & third dozen, time taken will be 2 minutes only as mixing one for the first dozen will be available for second & third dozen also. For the fourth dozen, time taken will be again 8 minutes. This trend will continue for every 3rd order after the first order of one dozen. 4 – Because your baking trays can hold exactly one dozen cookies, you will produce and sell cookies by the dozen. Should you give any discount for people who order two dozen cookies, three dozen cookies or more? If so, how much? Will it take you any longer to fill a two-dozen cookies order than one–dozen cookies order? Ans – For 1 dozen order time taken:- Self – 8 minutesRoommate – 4 minutes Total – 12 minutes For a 2 dozen order time taken:- Self – 6(washing & mixing) + 4(spooning 2 times) = 10 minutes Roommate – 2 minutes (Oven set up 2 times) + 4 minutes (Pack cookies 2 times) + 1 minute (accept payment) = 7 minutes Total – 17 minutes For a 3 dozen order time taken:- Self – 6(washing & mixing) + 6(spooning 3 times) = 12 minutes Roommate – 3 minutes (Oven set up 3 times) + 6 minutes (Pack cookies 3 times) + 1 minute (accept payment) = 10 minutes Total – 22 minutes Let us assume that labor cost is $15 per hour for self & roommate.Order size| Total minutes| Cost/minute| Cost for order| Cost per dozen| Material Cost| Potential Discount| 1 dozen| 12| $15/60 = $0. 25| 12 * 0. 25 = $3| $3| $0. 70| 0| 2 dozen| 17| $0. 25 | 17*0. 25 = $4. 25| $2. 125| $0. 70| 3 – (2. 125+0. 70) = $0. 275 | 3 dozen| 22| $0. 25| 22*0. 25 = $5. 50| $1. 833| $0. 70| 3 – (1. 833+0. 70) = $0. 467| As we observe, we can afford to give a discount for two- and three-dozen orders. A two-dozen order doesn't cost twice as  much as a one-dozen order and a three-dozen order cost much less then thrice a one-dozen order. – How many food processor and baking trays will you need? Ans – The food processor is idle for a long time in the process so only 1 is required. As it can contain atleast 3 dozens of ingredients during the whole process we should have atleast 3 trays as each tray handles 1 dozen of the ingredients. 6 – Are there any changes you can make in your production plans that will allow you to make better cookies or more cookies in less time or at lower cost? For example, is there a bottleneck operation in you production process that you can expand cheaply?What is the effect of adding another oven? How much would you be willing to pay to rent an additional oven? Ans – Producing more no of cookies is dependent upon the baking activity which is the bottleneck operation in the production process. If we install one more oven two dozen cookies will be ready in 28 mins only which is 8 mins less than 36 mins previously. Dozen | Process| Cycle time| start time| end time| 1| Washing ; Mixing| 6| 0| 6| 1| Spooning| 2| 6| 8| 1| Oven set up| 1| 8| 9| 1| Bake cookies(oven 1)| 9| 9| 18| 2| Spooning| 2| 8| 10| 2| Oven 2 set up| 1| 10| 11| | Bake cookies(oven 2)| 9| 11| 20| 1| Cool cookies| 5| 18| 23| 1| Pack cookies| 2| 23| 25| 2| Cool cookies| 5| 20| 25| 2| Pack cookies| 2| 25| 27| | Accept payment| 1| 27| 28| Similarly for 3 dozens the time reduces to 36 mins which is 10 mins less than the previous time Dozen | Process| Cycle time| start time| end time| 1| Washing ; Mixing| 6| 0| 6| 1| Spooning| 2| 6| 8| 1| Oven set up| 1| 8| 9| 1| Bake cookies(oven 1)| 9| 9| 18| 2| Spooning| 2| 8| 10| 2| Oven 2 set up| 1| 10| 11| 2| Bake cookies(oven 2)| 9| 11| 20| 1| Cool cookies| 5| 18| 23| 1| Pack cookies| 2| 23| 25| | Cool cookies| 5| 20| 25| 2| Pack cookies| 2| 25| 27| 3| Spooning| 2| 10| 12| 3| Oven 1set up| 1| 18| 19| 3| Bake cookies(oven 1)| 9| 19| 28| 3| Cool cookies| 5| 28| 33| 3| Pack cookies| 2| 33| 35| | Accept payment| 1| 35| 36| | | | | | Further number 4 dozens will just take 38 minutes. So in terms of costing we can pay that much for the oven per day which is less than or equal to profit on dozens of cookies that can be made in 4 hours (assuming the business is run for 4 hours only). 7 – What happens if you are trying to do this by yourself without roommate?Ans – We have assumed that there is only 1 tray ; the order for 2nd dozen is of the same variety as the 1st dozen. Activity| Cycle Time| Start Time| End time| Order Entry| 0 minute| 00:00| 00:00| Washing ; mixing| 6 minutes| 06:00| 06:00| Spooning (Dozen 1)| 2 minutes| 06:00| 08:00| Oven set up (Dozen 1)| 1 minute| 08:00| 09:00| Bake cookies (Dozen 1)| 9 minutes| 09:00| 18:00| Remove cookies (Dozen 1)| 0 minute| 18:00| 18:00| Cool cookies (Dozen 1)| 5 minutes| 18:00| 23:00| Pack cookies (Dozen 1)| 2 minutes| 26:00| 28:00| Spooning (Dozen 2)| 2 minutes| 23:00| 25:00|Oven set up (Dozen 2)| 1 minute| 25:00| 26:00| Bake cookies (Dozen 2)| 9 minutes| 26:00| 35:00| Remove cookies (Dozen 2)| 0 minute| 35:00| 35:00| Cool cookies (Dozen 2)| 5 minutes | 35:00| 40:00| Pack cookies (Dozen 2)| 2 minutes| 40:00| 42:00| Accept payment| 1 minute| 42:00| 43:00| So we can see that total time required for preparing 2 dozens has increased if all the activities have to be done by me only. 8 – Should you offer special rate for rush orders? Suppose you have just put a tray of cookies into the oven and someone call up with a â€Å"crash priority† order for a dozen cookies of a different flavor.Can you fill the priority order while still fulfilling the order for the cookies that are already in the oven? If not, how much of a premium should you charge for filling the rush order? Ans – * When the priority order is received, the current order is already in oven. By the time the current order cookies are baked in oven, the washing, mixing and spooning operations can be performed for priority order. Post which, there will be an idle time of up to 1 minute for priority order before the oven setup and baking process starts. * For the remaining process, there will be no idle time for priority order. By the time the priority order cookies are baked in oven, the previous order will be ready. * Thus, if a priority order comes when a tray for a current order is already in oven, the priority order can be filled still fulfilling the current order with a maximum delay time of 1 minute for priority order. * No premium should be charged as the process does not affect previous order. 9 – When should you promise delivery? How can you look quickly at you order board (list of pending orders) and tells a caller when his or her order will be ready?How much of a safety margin for timing should you allow? Ans – For Priority Orders:- * The safety margin should be based upon the time required for the prebaking process. This is because if an order received during baking or post baking process, would not need that operation to be stopped intermittently. * Thus if an order is received during washing and mixing proces s, the process will require to be stopped in between. * The prebaking process takes 8 minutes to complete. Thus the maximum margin should be 8 minutes for normal orders in such cases. So previous order would be delayed by a maximum of 8 minutes. 10 – What other factors should you consider at this stage of planning your business? Ans – * Competitors’ strengths and weaknesses. * Potential Customers likes and tastes * Regulations involved * Financing the budgets * Cost Effectiveness of the business proposition * Further investment required * Ways to get cheaper materials * Extra labor required or not 11 – Your product must be made to order because each order is potentially unique. If you decide to sell standard cookies instead, how should you change the production system?The order-taking process? Ans – * Now the cookies can be sold with the USP of being low price and  good quality. * We can bake the cookies before receiving the order and stock it, i nstead of making the  product one by one  according to each unique requirement. * The order-taking process also needs to  change. The consumers don’t need to  use the mail service to place the orders and wait for  pickup. They can come to the room directly to buy it. * If someone needs a large  sum of cookies, they can inform or order  little earlier. * We can have own cookies menu.

Chattanooga Ice Cream

New Direction for Chattanooga Ice Cream Clint A. Stockton Jack Welch Management Institute Dr. Denis Tocci JWMI 510 11/16/2013 Chattanooga Ice Cream Case The Chattanooga Ice Cream case shows a decline in sales for 5 consecutive years. The Division is headed by Charles Moore. Although Charles Moore was successful in leading teams he seemed to have major issues with this team of vice presidents. According to the Harvard Business Review Chattanooga Ice Cream Case the team was very dysfunctional; they exhibited a lack of trust, high in conflict, disrespectful of each ther and exhibited avoidance issues with accountability.Team members seemed to always lay blame to other member. Moore needs to be more assertive in dismissing the ways of the past and the loss of Stay & Shop business needs to be put aside. Moore needs to give clear direction and assign responsibilities to each team member. Moore needs to convey that team cohesiveness is a must and this will go a long way to help ensure no fu rther loss of business.This paper will examine how Moore's leadership approach contributed to the teams' dysfunction, discuss what the roup of employees themselves could do to better understand the perspectives of each other and their boss as well as make recommendations about Moore should do now to help his team work together and manage conflicts more effectively. Charlie's Leadership Style In assessing where Charlie Moore goes wrong, it's important to look at his leadership style. According to the DISC style, Charlie is a â€Å"Steady (S) Leader. Specifically, this means Charlie operates at a methodical pace and likes leading in an orderly environment. He may readily view leading in a â€Å"fast-paced† environment as intimidating or stressful. His leadership style is collaborative in nature and he values group efforts. Charlie is a cautious leader that seldom leads by authority as he is comfortable working behind the consensus of the group as he doesn't like making decisio ns alone. He is demotivated by competitive environments and changing direction abruptly. He enjoys leading in a harmonic environment with little or no confrontations or conflict.Leaders prepare the organizations for change; Charlie does not build trust nor align his people. Lack of Leadership As a leader Charlie needs to â€Å"prepare organizations for change and help them ope as they struggle through it† (Week 2, Lecture 2). The first evidence of Charlie's failure as a leader is when he calls the group together to communicate the news about losing their major customer. The mood is somber as Charlie calls the group together to â€Å"mourn† (Sloane, The Chattanooga Ice Cream Division, HBR, p. l) and to fgure out what needs to be done about it.As a leader he must exude a sense of â€Å"positive energy' Cack Welch, Winning, p. 84) to prepare his people to act and energize their best thinking to deal with this challenge. His style of (S) may not like change, but e needs t o set a tone of optimism and decisiveness that says that they will come through this challenge successfully. First of all, Moore should master self-leadership for himself. Then encourage and model it for others on the team. Manz indicates that â€Å"Leaders facilitate employee self-set goals and reward effective self-leadership when it does occur.Overall, they create and nurture systems that allow teamwork and a holistic self-leadership culture to flourish† (Charles Manz, 2001 , Leading Others to Lead Themselves, p. 221). I believe that Charlie and Charlie's team would benefit from earning about their own leadership style by taking the Disc and TKI assessments and possibly creating smaller strategically paired teams within the group to come up with a foundation and vision for the direction in which the company should go as a whole.Lack of Candor Another example of where Charlie goes wrong is that he doesn't develop an environment of trust where his people don't hold back â₠¬â€œ even though he may not like conflict. As an example of this, Charlie has several meetings to ask his team what their thoughts are about how to compete. â€Å"When you are an individual contributor, ou try to have all the answers. That's your Job-to be an expert, the best at what you do, maybe even the smartest person in the room. When you are a leader, your Job is to have all the questions†¦Questioning, however, is never enough, following Rule 6: Leaders probe with curiosity that borders on skepticism, making sure your questions unleash debate and raise issues that get action† (Welch, 2005, p. 74). Moore should first create an intentional communication strategy. His management team must understand and support a common vision with a common purpose. This requires clarity. Clarity begins with effective communication. He should make sure communication from his management team reaches all employees.The article by Ferrazzi (Harvard Business Review) indicates three specifi c techniques, developed from the author's research, which can help coworkers collaborate and interact more effectively. The techniques, which are based on creating trust that allows team members to speak candidly, are â€Å"dividing meetings into smaller groups, naming a candor advocate, and teaching how to give and receive feedback with a positive attitude† (Ferrazzi, 2012, Candor, Criticism, and Teamwork, p. 0). Team Dysfunctions The Chattanooga Ice Cream team is dysfunctional for several reasons.Some of those reasons include an absence of trust, avoidance, and not being accountable. Also, there is a lack of commitment amongst some managers. Moore is also looking for buy-in from all members for group decisions. There was no clear cut rule as to how decisions were going to be made. Simply put, Charles Moore failed to incorporate clear operating rules. Week Four 4 Lecture – Building High Performance Teams suggests that â€Å"when managers agree on ground rules in adva nce, the team is uch more likely to run efficiently,† this is especially true with the Chattanooga Ice Cream team.According to Rick Johnson, Charlie could â€Å"Challenge is management team; ask for solutions, assigning both responsibility and empowerment accordingly to utilize individual skills. Ownership of ideas and initiatives builds commitment. Involving the team in creating direction and solutions through empowerment generates commitment to the tasks necessary to meet objectives. A way to get over the major loss of a client and overshadow the â€Å"mourning† effect would be to hallenge the management team to collectively bring in a new client or a few clients that could equal the departure of the one loss, in terms of volume.Also, Moore should create offsite team-building activities on a quarterly basis. The gatherings/ outings should be used to build unification and trust in each other. New Direction for Charles seems to want to be Just another member of the tea m, an individual contributor, wanting to give his part instead of asking the explicit result-driven questions required of him in his leadership role. Welch, goes on to say, â€Å"But that's he Job. You want bigger solutions ask questions; healthy debate, decisions, and actions will get everyone there† (p. 76).There is nowhere to go, if there is no one to lead. The dysfunctions of the team lie with the dysfunctions of the leader and no directions. Regardless of making the wrong or right decision, in regards to the CICC case, if no action is taken, then the company will fail for sure. As a Business Development Executive, I would tend to push the team to research and target other clients to fill the void left by the client lost, eliminating the somberness, creating otivation to accomplish a new goal, and strengthen the team by focusing efforts into one vision.He should run his team through assessments that could help him strategically pair individual weaknesses and strengths tog ether, not only to complement each other going forward but to build credibility as a leader and start to build a foundation for candor, voice, and dignity going forward. Gaining new clients would most likely cost additional funds in the research and marketing and may cause little investment growth up front; however stabilizing the vision with a decision is aking the correct effort to save this company under the current circumstances.

Five Important Nataraja Shrines of Tamil Nadu Essay

There are lots of temples in Tamil Nadu where Siva is worshipped as Nataraja. Lord Siva, as the god of dance is known as Nataraja. There are lots of temples in India and especially in Tamil Nadu where Siva is worshipped as Nataraja. But, there are mainly five places in Tamil Nadu where the cult of Nataraja is worshipped with gaiety and pomp. The dancing deity Nataraja can be seen in these Pancha sabbas or five halls of Tamil Nadu. The five temples – Chidhambaram, Maduarai, Thiruvilankadu, Tirunelveli and Kutralam, are very revered and is known as the five sabhas. It is said Lord Shiva has danced at these five places as Nataraja – the dancing form of Shiva, to benefit different devotees. Kanaka Sabha: The most important shrine for Nataraja is the Kanaka Sabha or golden hall at Chidambaram. The Nataraja dances here in the Ananda Tandava or the dance of bliss form and he is called Kanaka Sabhapati or the Lord of the Golden Hall. This temple has been sung in a lot of Dhevaram and Thiruvasakam. Here Lord Shiva is worshipped in all the three forms, namely, arupa – which is called chitambara rahasyam, aruparupa – shiva lingam and rupa – nataraja. Nataraja was the favourite deity of the Chola kings of Tanjavur and hence they kept idol of Nataraja in all the Siva temples built by them in various places in their empire in Tamil Nadu and all over in South India. Chidambaram marks an important stage of evolution of southern Indian architecture. Rajatha Sabha: Rajatha Sabha or silver hall (velli ambalam) at the Minakshi Sundareshwarar temple in Madurai is another important Natarja shrine of Tamil Nadu. Nataraja is shown in a very rare posture here. He is shown his right leg raised and dancing on the dwarf (apasmara purusha) with his left foot. Both the main image of stone (moolavar) and the processional image (utsava murti) in this shrine are in unusual posture. The usual posture of Nataraja is dancing with his right leg placed on the dwarf with his left leg upraised. The change in posture of Nataraja here is linked with the legend (sthala-purana) of this place. It is said that the Pandyan king of Madurai was a devotee of Nataraja and under pressure from a rival Chola king, tried to master dance. But while trying to do so, he realised the difficulty of the task. He was filled with agony to see his favourite deity dancing with his right foot always as he did feel while doing himself. So, he prayed Lord Nataraja to change his posture so that he does not get tired in a same posture. The Lord listened to his request and changed his posture. So, Nataraja is seen dancing on his left foot here. One of the five important shrines of Nataraja can be seen at Madurai in Tamil Nadu. Here the dancing posture of Ambalavanan (Lord Siva) with ten hands can be seen only in the Velli ambalam at Madurai. Here the dance performed by Nataraja is known as Paramananda Thandavam and also as Chokka Thandavam. It is also known as Sundara Tandavam. Tamra Sabha: Another important Nataraja shrine of Tamil Nadu is situated at the Nellaiappar temple in Tirunelveli. The Tamra Sabha or the hall of copper is found here in the vast campus. Here the icon of Lord Siva is made of Bronze and is encircled by a prabha or aura of very attractive workmanship. It is said that the Nataraja image here was originally in the temple of Agnishwaram. Once a fire out broke here and then it was kept on the bed of a river. Later, it was brought to the Nellaiappar temple and worshipped here. Ratna Sabha: The Ratna Sabha or the hall of rubies in Tiruvalangadu is another important Nataraja shrine of Tamil Nadu. It takes approximately two hours from Chennai by road to reach Tiruvalangadu. The Lord here is called Ratna Sabhapati or the Lord of the Hall of rubies. There is a mythical story related to this place and the shrine. It is said that once Siva and Kali had a dance contest. At that time Kali was in a very angry mood and could not be pacified easily. Initially, Kali gave a better performance than Siva. But, later Nataraja (Siva) performed the Tandava dance also known as the Chanda (terrific) tandava and lifted his leg up above his head. Then, Kali out of modesty accepted her defeat. Lord Nataraja won the contest but he also declared that Kali was second to none than himself in dance. There is a very stunning metal image of eight-armed Siva dancing in the Urdlwa Tandava can be seen in this temple. There is also a small shrine nearby and there is another metal image of Kali who is also eight-armed can be seen. Chitra Sabha: The last among the five Nataraja shrines in Tamil Nadu is situated at Kuttralam. The Chitra Sabha or the hall of paintings is found here in Kuttralam, which is famous for its waterfalls. Here the lord Siva is known as the Kuttralanathan. But, all the rituals conducted here are first offered for Nataraja and then for Kuttralanathan. Here, Nataraja is known as Ananda Nata-rajeshwarar or the God of Blissful Dance. Kuttralam has nine Water Falls: 1. Main falls 2. Chitaruvi 3.Shenpagadevi falls 4. Thenaruvi 5. Five falls 6. Orchard falls 7. New falls 8. Tiger falls 9. Old Courtallam falls. Legends on Chitrasabhai goes like – The wedding of Shiva and Parvathi attracted huge celestial crowd at Himalaya that Shiva requested Saint Agastyar to proced southwards to balance the earth, and Agastyar is said to have created the Shivalingam here by shrinking an image of Vishnu, hence the name Kutralam. The Chitra Sabha is located outside the areas of the main temple. It is actually a huge hall built in a typical Kerala style. A huge painting of Nataraja in Tanjavur style can be seen here.

Gran Torino Analysis

Gran Torino The concept of kenosis states that Jesus gave up some of his divine attributes while here on earth. The reason this was done by Christ was so that he could function as a real man in order to complete his mission. Jesus humility moved him to leave a more divine and majestic state and become enriched in human nature. This concept of kenosis can be easily applied to the main final scene in Gran Torino in which Walt Kowalski empties himself up for justice in order to better the lives of his Asian neighbors.After an attack on the Vietnamese next door to him by a bunch of no good gang bangers, Walt is fed up and ready for justice. He goes at night to the house where Tao’s cousin and his gang friends live. The scene starts as Walt approaches the house the gang members inside see him and step out onto the porch. As words are exchanged between Walt and them, more and more guns begin to be pointed at him. People in surrounding houses watch silently. Walt puts a cigarette in his mouth and reaches in for his jacket for a lighter (making it look as if he is about to pull out a gun).Rounds and rounds are unloaded on him, and he falls to the ground with his prized lighter in hand. The police arrive and take away the gang bangers. We see that Walt stepped down from his almost divine and staunch like pedestal to become friends and immerse himself with his Vietnamese neighbors, just as Jesus stepped down from his divine nature to empty himself and save our sins. Walt’s actions will truly help to clean up the neighborhood and create a better life for all those who reside in that gang riddled neighborhood.The Gospel of John 10:15 and 15:13 both have an overall notion that there is no greater love than laying down one’s life for God and his children. Such a powerful message that truly seems to embody and highlight the overall theme of the movie Gran Torino. The overarching theme of Gran Torino seems to be one of freedom, justice, and love of oneâ₠¬â„¢s neighbors. Walt Kowalski truly embodies these themes as his old school personality is riddled with strong beliefs engrained with justice. All throughout the movie, the Vietnamese gang is met with great opposition by none other than Walt Kowalski.He is absolutely disgusted with and hates to see the neighborhood littered with gang bangers who act as though they are completely free, have no respect or sense of justice, and could care less about loving one’s neighbor. Right then and there we see that there is going to be quite a bit of conflict between Walt and these men, and that proves true as Walt lays down his life for the love of one’s neighbor. Injustice, disrespect, and a disregard for love and one’s neighbor are the ideals that Walt Kowalski cant stand to see riddle the neighborhood that he lives in.Walt becomes an almost Christ like figure at the end of the movie as he gives himself up for love, just as Jesus did for humanity. One symbol that has a tr uly great importance throughout the movie is Walt’s Gran Torino, that he himself actually helped build on the assembly line. The Gran Torino is a relic and a symbol of the past, of pride, of a job done right, and of his ideas that he hopes to pass on to future generations. The Gran Torino symbolizes a time when life used to make more sense, where people like him used to live and where old school ideals and lifestyles were prevalent.He now lives in a neighborhood riddled with gang activity and folks unlike himself (Hmong). In a world polluted with misguided thoughts and actions, the Gran Torino stands strong. This shows that although he now lives in the world where he does, his old school ideals and beliefs remain. The pride that Walt has in his Gran Torino is so truly apparent in this film. We see his immense pride in a job done right, one of Walt’s defining characteristics. But the Gran Torino is most importantly a symbol of the ethics and beliefs that Walt holds dear that he wants to be passed on to future generations.His old school beliefs coupled with his immense amount of pride and sense of justice are what the Gran Torino embodies. He wants these ideals to be passed on to future generations in a world where such ideals are hard to find. This is truly seen in Walt mentoring Tao and allowing him to work on and also use the Torino. We see the embodiment of this symbol when at the end of the movie, the Gran Torino is left to Tao in his will, showing that Walt truly hopes what he believes in will still be true in future generations.